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# H5N1 avian influenza in US dairy herds clusters where non-waterfowl birds are abundant
- URL: https://www.coios.me/h5n1-avian-influenza-in-us-dairy-herds-clusters-where-non/
- Published: 2026-10-31T11:08:56.000Z
- Updated: 2026-11-01T07:06:42.000Z
- Description: Early US dairy H5N1 outbreaks sat in counties with more non-waterfowl birds than high-cattle-density counties without outbreaks.
- Author: Daniel Ryan
- Tags: Behavioural science, Infection and pandemics, United States, #preprint, #confirms, #item, #source-2026-10, #score-62

This study examined how H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b entered and spread among 42 US dairy farm outbreaks in nine states. Outbreaks from 10 March to 5 May 2024 were analysed by mapping, county case-control comparison and Knox space-time tests. Non-waterfowl abundance was higher in outbreak counties than in high-cattle-density counties without outbreaks (p<0.00001, r=-0.542). Space-time clustering was non-random in 14 of 30 combinations of distance and time thresholds. This fits one Texas introduction, then regional and trade-mediated spread. The analysis covers only the first 42 outbreaks, over about eight weeks.

*Why it is interesting: It identifies non-waterfowl bird abundance as a distinguishing feature of the counties with the earliest H5N1 dairy outbreaks. The clustering fits a single Texas introduction with onward spread, with livestock trade among the likely contributing factors.*

Source

[medRxiv, 27 October 2026](https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.02.24306785?ref=coios.me)

Paper

Geospatial evidence of introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza into dairy farms in the United States

Authors

Jindal M, Stone H, Lim S, Dawson R, Quigley A, Scotch M et al.

DOI

10.1101/2024.05.02.24306785

Type

Preprint

Design

Ecological case-control and space-time (Knox) cluster analysis of 42 confirmed dairy farm outbreaks across nine US states, 10 March–5 May 2024

Verdict

Confirms prior evidence

Driver

[Infection and pandemics](https://www.coios.me/d-infectious-disease/)

Attention

6 citations (Crossref) · as of 2026-11-01