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# Infector–infectee pairs in Dutch COVID-19 surveillance show who infected whom
- URL: https://www.coios.me/infector-infectee-pairs-in-dutch-covid-19-surveillance-show/
- Published: 2026-11-07T13:00:15.000Z
- Updated: 2026-11-08T07:06:55.000Z
- Description: In Dutch surveillance, 678,482 of 8 million COVID-19 cases named their most probable infector, giving a 3.6-day serial interval.
- Author: Daniel Ryan
- Tags: Behavioural science, Infection and pandemics, Revisions and new sources, Netherlands, #preprint, #new, #item, #source-2026-11, #score-60

The study assessed whether linking COVID-19 cases to their infectors in Dutch routine surveillance helps explain transmission. Cases reported between 27 February 2020 and 11 April 2022 were asked to name their most probable infector. Of 8,003,008 reported cases, 678,482 were linked, and these were largely representative by age, sex and location. The mean serial interval was 3.6 days (SD 3.4), and age mixing largely followed known contact patterns. In September 2021, most transmissions occurred between people not fully vaccinated, with few across vaccination status. Infectors were self-identified as most probable, and only 8.5% of cases could be linked.

*Why it is interesting: Routine case data usually describe who becomes infected, not who infects others. These pairs show transmission between age and vaccination groups at a national scale.*

Source

[medRxiv, 2 November 2026](https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.15.26347859?ref=coios.me)

Paper

Who infected the reported cases? Evidence from 678,482 COVID-19 cases with identified infector collected in routine surveillance in the Netherlands, 2020-2022

Authors

Backer JA, Leung KY, Andeweg SP, van de Kassteele J, Veldhuijzen I, Hahné S et al.

DOI

10.64898/2026.05.15.26347859

Type

Preprint

Design

Retrospective analysis of national COVID-19 surveillance, 678,482 linked transmission pairs from 8,003,008 reported cases, Netherlands, Feb 2020–Apr 2022

Verdict

New finding

Driver

[Infection and pandemics](https://www.coios.me/d-infectious-disease/)

Driver

[Revisions and new sources](https://www.coios.me/d-data-sources/)

Attention

1 citation (Crossref) · as of 2026-11-08