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# Pacemaker after cardiac surgery carries modestly higher long-term mortality in Sweden
- URL: https://www.coios.me/pacemaker-after-cardiac-surgery-carries-modestly-higher/
- Published: 2026-09-26T09:32:00.000Z
- Updated: 2026-09-26T10:37:01.000Z
- Description: Among 76 223 Swedish adults undergoing cardiac surgery between 2006 and 2020, the 2.8% who received a permanent pacemaker within 30 days had a 9% higher adjusted risk of all-cause death and a 36% higher risk of heart failure hospitalisation over a mean 6.8 years.
- Author: Daniel Ryan
- Tags: Tomorrow's world, Medicine at a distance, Innovation in treatment, Heart and stroke, Sweden, #peer-reviewed, #refines, #item, #source-2026-09

A nationwide Swedish registry cohort followed 76 223 adults without a prior cardiac device who underwent cardiac surgery between 2006 and 2020\. Permanent pacemaker implantation within 30 days, occurring in 2.8%, was associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.19) and heart failure hospitalisation (aHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22-1.52) over a mean 6.8 years; cardiovascular mortality moved in the same direction but was not statistically significant. ICD implantation, in 0.5%, was associated with heart failure hospitalisation and cardiovascular mortality but not all-cause mortality.

*Why it is interesting: Settles a contradictory literature on whether perioperative conduction damage carries a lasting mortality signal, using complete national follow-up rather than single-centre series.*

Source

[Heart, 21 September 2026](https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2026-328361?ref=coios.me)

DOI

10.1136/heartjnl-2026-328361

Type

Peer-reviewed article

Design

Nationwide Swedish registry cohort, 76 223 adults undergoing cardiac surgery 2006-2020, mean follow-up 6.8 years, Cox models

Verdict

Refines prior evidence

Driver

[Medicine at a distance](https://www.coios.me/d-remote-medicine/)

Driver

[Innovation in treatment](https://www.coios.me/d-treatment-innovation/)

Driver

[Heart and stroke](https://www.coios.me/d-cardiovascular/)