COIOS
Emergent technology Item refines peer-reviewed

Shared genetic risk across cancers appears only in specific regions, not genome-wide

An analysis of 16 cancers plus a pan-cancer phenotype found only 20 genome-wide correlated cancer pairs but 82 genomic regions with shared local effects across 66 pairs, with cross-cancer polygenic score associations concentrated in immune and inflammatory pathways.

The authors estimated pairwise local genetic correlations across 16 cancers and a pan-cancer phenotype, then tested whether polygenic risk scores for one cancer predicted another. Genome-wide correlation identified 20 significant cancer pairs, while regional analysis found shared signals in 82 regions spanning 66 pairs, with five regions forming mutually correlated clusters enriched for inflammatory function. Decomposing the polygenic scores showed the five significant cross-cancer score associations were driven by pleiotropy groups and immune-related pathways.

Why it is interesting: Bears on whether a single polygenic score could ever stratify risk across multiple cancers at once, and suggests any shared component is narrow and pathway-specific.

Source
PLOS Genetics, 18 September 2026
DOI
10.1371/journal.pgen.1012308
Type
Peer-reviewed article
Design
Cross-trait statistical genetics: local genetic correlation (SUPERGNOVA) and cross-cancer polygenic score analysis across 16 cancers plus a pan-cancer phenotype
Verdict
Refines prior evidence
Driver
Biotechnology against inherited risk and ageing