The study used the US National Inpatient Sample for 2016–2023 to compare in-hospital outcomes by chronic kidney disease stage among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock and mechanical circulatory support. Crude mortality was 30.7% with no CKD, 36.0% at stages 1–3 and 40.7% at stages 4–5 or end-stage disease; the adjusted odds ratio for advanced CKD was 1.26 (95% CI 1.02–1.57), rising to 1.63 in the intra-aortic balloon pump subgroup. Acute kidney injury reached 87.6% and renal replacement therapy 15.8% in the advanced group.
Why it is interesting: Quantifies the renal gradient in the most lethal presentation of myocardial infarction, though from administrative coding rather than clinical records.