COIOS
Behavioural science Item new preprint

The same naloxone increase is modelled to save six times more lives in one county

A simulation calibrated to six Pennsylvania counties projected that an identical 30% rise in naloxone distribution would cut 2029 overdose deaths by 70% in Allegheny but 11% in Erie, a difference tracking each county's past variability in dispensing rather than any observed outcome.

An opioid use disorder simulation was calibrated separately to two large urban, two intermediate and two rural Pennsylvania counties, then used to project overdose mortality to 2029 under 10%, 20% and 30% increases in naloxone distribution and buprenorphine dispensing. A 30% naloxone increase was projected to cut 2029 deaths by 70% (55 to 81%) in Allegheny, 28% (2 to 64%) in Clearfield and 11% (4 to 17%) in Erie, against 10 to 23% for buprenorphine. Responsiveness tracked each county's historical variability in dispensing, so the spread is a property of the calibration rather than a measured difference.

Why it is interesting: It sets out how far the return on an identical harm-reduction increase may vary within one state, on model calibration alone.

Source
medRxiv, 18 September 2026
DOI
10.64898/2026.05.11.26352900
Type
Preprint
Design
Simulation model of opioid use disorder calibrated separately to six Pennsylvania counties, projecting 2025-2029 overdose mortality under 10-30% increases in naloxone distribution and buprenorphine dispensing
Verdict
New finding
Driver
Alcohol, drugs and suicide