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Item confirms preprint
Gradient boosting did no better than logistic regression on HPV vaccine hesitancy
In 1,156 Cameroonian parents of children aged 9 to 18, XGBoost, random forest and logistic regression predicted HPV vaccine hesitancy almost identically (AUC 0.841-0.870, XGBoost 0.870 against 0.869, p=0.965), with logistic regression the best calibrated.
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Item new preprint
Bacteria in wastewater tracked community COVID-19 rates alongside viral load
A preprint reports that bacterial genera in wastewater, including gut commensals depleted during SARS-CoV-2 infection, tracked community COVID-19 case rates and predicted future rates slightly better than viral gene copies, though it gives no sample size or period.
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Item confirms peer-reviewed
Favourable lifestyle halved kidney stone incidence in 300,875 UK Biobank adults
Among 300,875 UK Biobank participants followed a median 12.3 years, 3,088 developed kidney stones, and those scoring favourably on seven lifestyle items had a hazard ratio of 0.51 (0.44 to 0.59) against the unfavourable group.
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Item refines peer-reviewed
Three Holter ECG markers with age predicted 5-year mortality at AUROC 0.79 in Israel
A random forest combining atrial fibrillation burden, premature ventricular contraction burden and T-wave alternans with age reached an AUROC of 0.79 for five-year all-cause mortality in 54,395 people recorded at Israeli primary care centres.
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Item new preprint
A generative model of patient records stratifies five-year risk of first cancer
A preprint describes an autoregressive generative model trained on electronic health records from millions of patients, reporting that supervised adaptation improved prediction of a first cancer diagnosis within five years across five cohorts.
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Item new preprint
PCV21 would prevent 1.5–1.7 times as many pneumococcal cases as PCV20 in Japan
Combining Japanese adult invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance with a multicentre pneumonia study, the authors estimate that PCV21 would prevent 1.5–1.7 times as many pneumococcal disease cases as PCV20 among adults aged 65 and over at current 40% coverage.
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Item new peer-reviewed
Machine learning predicted six-month mortality after Taiwanese care-home admission
An ensemble machine learning model built only from routine intake assessments in 636 Taiwanese long-term care facilities predicted death within 180 days of first admission with an AUROC of 0.90 in a held-out 2024 cohort, where 28.7% of new residents died.
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Item new peer-reviewed
A Bayesian model extends excess-death estimation to six years, applied to New Zealand
A Bayesian hierarchical model fitted to 22 years of monthly deaths by age and sex extends expected-death estimation beyond the one-to-two-year horizon of standard methods, and in New Zealand finds few excess deaths during the pandemic and a return to pre-pandemic trends by 2025.
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Item new preprint
LLM-extracted autopsy brain features classify neurodegenerative disease with 75% accuracy
A fine-tuned large language model scored 39 features from narrative gross descriptions in 5,613 Mayo Clinic brain autopsies, and classification reached 0.75 accuracy, from 0.93 sensitivity for progressive supranuclear palsy to 0.03 for mixed Alzheimer–Lewy body disease.
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Item new preprint
A local multi-agent AI system deidentified multimodal hospital data at 99.8% sensitivity
A locally deployable multi-agent system combining multimodal large language models, task-specific networks and rule-based steps removed 99.82% of injected identifiers across text, imaging, handwriting and audio while preserving 99.61% of clinically important content.
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Item refines preprint
Austrian registry data show vaccinated adults died less from causes vaccines cannot affect
In Austrian adults with no documented prior infection, vaccinated people had lower mortality from cancer and external causes, with adjusted all-cause hazard ratios of 0.24 to 0.32 in the two weeks after a dose, a measure of the healthy vaccinee effect.
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Item new preprint
Mortality from secondary lung cancer rose 17.5% above 2000 levels in the US by 2024
Secondary malignant neoplasm of the lung (C78.0) recorded on death certificates rose from 7.22 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 11.38 in 2024, 17.5% above 2000 levels, with disproportionate increases among adults aged 25–34 years (70.5%).
