COIOS
Healthcare today Item confirms preprint

Known dementia risk factors explain only a little of exceptional cognitive ageing

In 3,513 Whitehall II participants aged 65 and over, education, female sex, absence of hypertension, fewer depressive symptoms, higher fruit and vegetable intake and greater social activity were each modestly associated with 'SuperAger' cognitive status, none strongly.

Whitehall II participants aged 65 or older were classed as SuperAgers if their verbal memory exceeded the sex-specific mid-life mean and their verbal fluency was within one standard deviation above the older-age mean. Higher education (OR 1.23), female sex (OR 1.30), absence of hypertension (OR 0.76 for hypertension), fewer depressive symptoms, higher fruit and vegetable intake (OR 1.08) and greater social engagement (OR 1.03) were associated with SuperAger status. The authors conclude these modifiable factors do not account for exceptional cognitive ageing.

Why it is interesting: Tests whether the standard modifiable dementia risk factors explain the upper tail of cognitive ageing, and finds the associations small.

Source
medRxiv (preprint), 2026-09-14
DOI
10.1101/2025.08.12.25333490
Type
Preprint
Design
Cross-sectional logistic regression within the Whitehall II cohort, n=3,513 aged 65+
Verdict
Confirms prior evidence
Driver
Dementia
Driver
What linked data reveals